Research and development (R&D) is a competitive feature of modern universities. Better R&D leads to improved reputation and connections with private industry.
R&D is shown on the axes as the number of patents and quality of the research program (influential citations in highly regarded scientific journals).
Bubble size represents how much the university spends on R&D. Click the button to flip how the spending scale is reflected.
Bubble colors show how the research and development output measures against spending, where:
Value = (Patents + Research Rank) / Spending